Recent laws crack down on people looking to profit from other people's trademarks.

If you own a trademark and find that someone is holding it hostage as a domain name until you pay a large sum for it, you may be the victim of cybersquatting. You can either sue to get your domain name -- and possibly some money damages -- under a 1999 federal law known as the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, or you can initiate arbitration proceedings under the authority of the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and win the name back without the expense and aggravation of a lawsuit.

Cybersquatting means registering, selling or using a domain name with the intent of profiting from the goodwill of someone else's trademark. It generally refers to the practice of buying up domain names that use the names of existing businesses with the intent to sell the names for a profit to those businesses.

Recognizing Cybersquatting

How do you know if the domain name you want is being used by a cybersquatter? As a general rule, first check to see if the domain name takes you to a legitimate website. If the domain name takes you to a website that appears to be functional and reasonably related in its subject matter to the domain name, you probably aren't facing a case of cybersquatting. However, you may have a case of trademark infringement. (For more information, see What to Do If the Domain Name You Want Is Taken.)

But if your browser produces any of the following results, you may have a case of cybersquatting on your hands:

• you get a "can't find server" message
• you get an "under construction" page, or
• you get a page that appears to have no relationship to the meaning of the domain name.

Although each of these results suggests the possibility of cybersquatting, there may also be an innocent explanation, especially if the website is still under construction. You can reserve a domain name for two years, so the fact that a website is not up and running, even months after the name was reserved or registered, does not necessarily mean that the registrant doesn't have perfectly legitimate plans to have a website in the future.

Before jumping to any conclusions, contact the domain name registrant. To find the name and address of a domain name owner, you can use the "WHOIS Lookup" at whois.net. Find out whether there is a reasonable explanation for the use of the domain name, or if the registrant is willing to sell you the name at a price you are willing to pay.

Sometimes, you may find that paying the cybersquatter is the easiest choice. It may be a lot cheaper and quicker for you to come to terms with a squatter than to file a lawsuit or initiate an arbitration hearing: these processes cost money, and although you may be able to recover your costs and attorney fees if you win, there is no guarantee; it's completely up to the judge.

What You Can Do to Fight a Cybersquatter

A victim of cybersquatting in the United States can now sue under the provisions of the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA) or can fight the cybersquatter using an international arbitration system created by the Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The ACPA defines cybersquatting as registering, trafficking in or using a domain name with the intent to profit in bad faith from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else. The ICANN arbitration system is considered by trademark experts to be faster and less expensive than suing under the ACPA, and the procedure does not require an attorney.

Fighting Under the ACPA

The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act(ACPA) authorizes a trademark owner to sue an alleged cybersquatter in federal court and obtain a court order transferring the domain name back to the trademark owner. In some cases, the cybersquatter must pay money damages.